Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Man

20262099 06/04/2016 Good and bad in the novella â€Å"Of Mice and man† John Steinbeck present the ideas about good and bad in people through the mannerisms and personality of each character. From the description of the characters, the quotes and dialogue used throughout the novella, we are able to understand the complexity of human nature, how our moral and values are shaped by our environment, social status and intellectual ability. The novella was written in 1937, the title of the book comes from a poem written by Robert Burns. The poem is about a mouse which carefully builds a nest during the winter in wheat field, the mouse dreamed of safe and warm place to stay. However, his dreams were shuttered when a ploughman destroys his nest. The mouse is then left to confront harsh reality, the cold and possible death. The poem is about loneliness, tragedy and heartache. This same theme follows in John Steinbeck’s novella. There is parallel between both the novella and the poem. George and Lennie dream of owning their own farm, living in peace and away from the evil people in the world. George says ‘’(†¦)And when it rains in the winter, we ll just say the hell with goin to work, and we ll build up a fire in the stove and set around it an listen to the rain comin down on the roof. (†¦) ’ ; They are lower class working men , who feel they have no control over their destiny without family to go to, they wish and dream of independence. The Novella also explores number of themesShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1406 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis Essay John Steinbeck, writer of the novel, Of Mice and Men, uses many different rhetorical devices and appeals to unravel the essence and truth of the American Dream, while revolving around the world of these characters, George and Lennie. Written during the great depression, the novel itself shares the lives of many different people during that time period. It explored how everyone was treated through that time due to skin color, disabilities, and gender. Life during thisRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And Of Mice And Men1644 Words   |  7 PagesJarvis Johnson Research Paper John Steinbeck is an American author of 27 books, widely known for award winning novels, The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men; Steinbeck is also a Nobel Prize winning of Literature. Steinbeck’s writing expresses realistic and creative thoughts, combining as they do compassionate comedy (through Lennie) and intense social perception with their surrounding national culture. John Steinbeck, â€Å"Of mice and Men†, Printed in 1937, articulating a tale of characters, GeorgeRead MoreUnderdogs in of Mice and MEn1348 Words   |  6 Pages Analysis of ‘Underdog’ Characters in Of Mice and Men â€Å"A guy needs somebody – to be near him.† He whined, â€Å"A guy goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (John Steinbeck 72). Love and belonging, is the third most important need in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. As human beings, being a part of something is crucial to our development as a person. People can go insane if they live a life of isolation. In John Steinbeck’s novella, Of Mice and Men, the characters of Candy, Crooks, and Curley’s wife are drivenRead MoreOf Mice and Men Essay on Loneliness1318 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 9 10 March 2014 Of Mice and Men Literary Analysis Essay on Loneliness â€Å"Actually, feeling lonely has little to do with how many friends you have. It s the way you feel inside. Some people who feel lonely may rarely interact with people and others who are surrounded by people but don t feel connected† (Karyn Hall 2013). Truthfully, loneliness is something almost all people fear. It s a deeper feeling then just being isolated. 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In the novel Of Mice and Men(1937; later made into a play), Steinbeck again utilizes the hardships of migrantRead MoreInterpretations Of The American Dream1718 Words   |  7 Pagesphrase in his 1931 book The Epic of America, however, defined it as a â€Å"dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†¦A dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position .† (34). whatsoever it may be, there derivedRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pages†¦to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity †¦.the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him says the well-known writer Thomas Wolfe. Idealistically, the idea of anyone having the chance to succeed in accomplishing one’s dreams defines the grandness of the American Dream. Whether it be the pursuit of freedom and happiness, being a famous Hollywood actress, or owning a piece of land, one willRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2103 Words   |  9 Pagesboth The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck the theme of time plays a large role which is easily analyzed by the Reader-Response criticism. Every sense of the word time is an important aspect in both novels. These instances of time come in many dif ferent forms. In The Great Gatsby the time-period plays a large role in how the reader perceives the characters and their roles in society. The same goes for Of Mice and Men, however the characters in each novels play

Similarities Between The Third And Final Continent And Uglies

â€Å"Many of life’s failures are people that did not realize how close they were when they gave up,† says Thomas Edison, one of the most influential inventors in America’s history. Any person in a difficult situation always considers giving up on their road to success; however the authors of â€Å"If†, â€Å"The Third and Final Continent†, and Uglies intentionally portrayed a theme of perseverance which impacts the reader. The poem, â€Å"If† articulates several real-life circumstances that would consider the qualified person, a strong individual. â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† is a story of a man and how he overcame obstacles on his journey to America. The novel, Uglies is a futuristic dystopia that describes how a young girl, Tally, struggles through a†¦show more content†¦It is ironic that the one person he respected at the beginning of his life in America, had been the first to vanish. Mrs. Croft supplied the narrat or with a home and he looked forward to her far-fetched and repetitive stories. The narrator’s first memories of America will always be his time spent with Mrs. Croft, causing her death to be such a devastation. These texts demonstrate that staying physically, mentally, and emotionally strong, provides a person with the self confidence to continue on with their life after a difficult situation. Along with irony, the setting is utilized to portray the theme. Scott Westerfeld uses descriptive words to apply detail to the setting. To demonstrate, the author describes Tally’s atmosphere by stating, â€Å" She bathed in a river so cold that she jumped in screaming and ate food from the fire, hot enough to burn her tongue,† (Westerfeld 219). Since Tally is living in such a situation that she is bathing in natural bodies of water and cooking over an open fire, it shows how it may be uncomfortable and difficult to survive. 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American Gangster Film Review by Steven Zaillian Free Essays

A Film Review November 27, 2007 Title: American Gangster Genre: Gangster Writer: Steven Zaillian Director: Ridley Scott Date and Place of performance: November 21, 2007 at my house On November 21, 2007, I was home for break and watched an interesting-historical film titled American Gangster. The film was written by Steven Zaillian and was directed by Ridley Scott. American Gangster was a gangster movie that reflected back on the pass. We will write a custom essay sample on American Gangster Film Review by Steven Zaillian or any similar topic only for you Order Now The performance environment was at my house in the living room on a DVD player. The room was dark, cool, and very comfortable, which made it very relaxing and easier to watch and study the film. American Gangster took place in Harlem, New Jersey, in the 1960’s and 1970’s. It was a movie that was based on a true story, of a man by the name of Frank Lucas. American Gangster was basically about Frank Lucas and his life as a big time business man, big time street-pharmacist, but most of all a family man. Frank Lucas was a business man of street drugs; he was a gangster, who transported drugs from Bangkok in the Vietnam War to the east cost of the United States. Frank Lucas was not just and old street-pharmacist, he was smart he had people working for him, people on his side, like the war, the mob, but most of all his family. He got his money up and had his family had his family move from North Carolina over to New Jersey, in a big white house, this way his brothers could work for him and his clientele would increase and he would save money because his family was working for him. Lucas was also smart because he was not like the other gangsters, he did not flash around his money, and he did not wear loud colored clothing. Lucas wore regular suites, as if he was a true business man, he did not have anybody on to him until people started dying from the drugs he had out on the streets, called Blue Magic. It was called Blue Magic because it was a pure drug, nothing in it was mixed. Lucas had the whole east coast on this Blue Magic; he had the Queens, Bergen Country, N. J. , Brooklyn, and the Bronx. This is when a man by the name of Rickie Roberts came in; he was a man who worked for the law and in a prosecutor’s office. Rickie Roberts was a good cope, at least he thought, he did something no cope would ever do, he turned in nine-hundred-eighty-seven-thousand dollars unmarked cash and did not one police officers respect him for it. Roberts had a lot in his life, he had a son whose mother was taking him to court for custody of the child, he was going to school to become a lawyer and his state bar test was coming up, and he wants to catch Frank Lucas. Roberts finds out about the Blue Magic by his partner dying from it, then that is when he started letting his guard down by wearing the flashy coat his wife bought for him. This is when Roberts had the man he was looking for; he just needed a way to stop him. In the end Lucas finally was caught coming out from church, by Roberts. He was convicted of conspiracy to distribute narcotics and was sentenced to seventy-years in prison but he only served fifteen-years and was released in 1991. His brothers were convicted on drug trafficking. His mother moved back to North Carolina, and his wife moved to Puerto Rico. However, Rickie Roberts quit the prosecutors’ office and became a defense attorney; his first client was Frank Lucas. The film is episodic because of the short scenes and numerous characters. The type of message I received from this movie was â€Å"don’t sale drugs†, because you only in up in two places behind bars or six feet under. It also gave me the feeling of a person getting fast money not working hard for what they want, but â€Å"good things come to people who are patience and work hard†. American Gangster is compared to the American dream; and the American dream is defined as having a nice house, good paying job, kids and a dog, and no worries in the world. The way I think American Gangster relates to that is, Frank Lucas did kind of lived the American dream and beyond because he had a nice house for his family and a good paying illegal job, a dog but no kids of his own, I guess his brothers were his kids. The purpose of this film was to inform audiences about a, true life story, of a man who tried to live the American dream by selling drugs and his negative results. The writing of this film was very unique. I thought the film was a work of considerable technical as well as artistic merit, because it makes you respect and acknowledge the fact that this was a smart dangerous man. I think, Zaillian’s, point of view of this movie was to express how Frank Lucas’s life really was, and to get the audience to feel the hurt that Lucas went through. I thought the story and the theme was interesting because it showed how greed, wealth, progress, and success can lead to trouble in someone life. I think â€Å"the more money you have, the more problems you will see†. The reason why I think this is because Lucas, over the time became greedy and he was not able to receive drugs anymore because the war was over. So he started to have problems with everything, life, family, and his wife. I thought the story gave a fresh insight into human condition of wealth and greed. I thought the American Gangster was based and a portrayal source of historical events, for example, when Roberts’s partner killed the black man for drugs at that apartment, and all the black people were outside the apartment ready to charge the door. It seemed like a riot to me. The whole movie was a historical event because it was based on a true story, which is historical. The director uses a lot of money as a symbol of evil and trouble. I think this because everybody who had money or was real wealthy in this movie was evil and had a lot of troubles in their life. The irony of it was Rickie Roberts. For example, when he had the chanced to have a lot of money he did not take it, he turned it in instead, and everybody thought he was stupid for it, but really he was smart for turning in the money. I think this because the money would have brought evil and trouble to his life and since he turned it in, I think he was the real wealthy person because in the end he to Frank Lucas, he passed his law exam, and was able to become a defense attorney. The directing of this movie was great. I thought the story was told in a visually interesting way, because it showed a lot of action and it was not just about gangsters it was also about learning how to survive in the streets. The special effects were very effective, the way characters would get shot looked real, but most of all when they showed characters use the drugs and the way their skin would look after wards. The director did a great job on the location and studio environment because the sound effects and picture was nice a clear. I think American Gangster did not really show, Ridley Scott’s, personal style of movies, because this movie was about someone’s life and they had to make it like Frank Lucas’s life was back in those days. I thought the actor’s performances were guided by the director effectively. The acting of American Gangster was great. The stars of American Gangster were; Russell Crowe, Denzel Washington, Chiwetel Ejiofor, and Cuba Gooding, J. R. I thought their performances were real life like; it gave me that real street life feeling. These are also all magnificent actresses. The actors who played the supporting roles were so effective I would have thought they were professionals. The actors made American Gangster, Frank Lucas’s, story seem believable, serious, and heart fulfilling. The editing was interesting and effective. The sequences do develop emotional impact. For example, when he bought his mother and his family the new house, to see the happy look on his mother’s face when she was told that it was her house, was so emotional it gave that deep feeling like when you want to cry for something that is good. The unusual or symbolic juxtaposition I thought added interest was when Rickie Roberts was trying to put the pieces together by taking pictures trying to put the pieces together by taking pictures of suspects and putting their pictures in order so the story would come together and it would get him closer to Frank Lucas and the bottom of the story. In the end Frank Lucas put all the pictures in order and told the story. The production elements of the movie were effective. The setting of the movie was effective, because it starts with Frank Lucas killing someone by setting them on fire and then he shot them. This made me feel like it was going to be a really good action movie. The lighting was effective it set the moods. The music set the mood as well, when it was sad, happy, and intense. The costumes and makeup were effective; the actors played their parts well when it came down to acting like an old school gangster. For example, when Frank Lucas went into the hood to sale his products he was made up in an afro and long beard, he would be in disguised. The special effects were effective, when they showed the dead bodies on the Army plane, they looked real. There were no continuity breaks while watching this film. The elements that I was able to identify were the music, the special effects, and the makeup. My overall impression of the film was great, I really enjoyed it. The film’s strengths were the special effects and the acting. For example, the special effects were good when someone was shot and when they showed the dead bodies in the army bags. The all around best, I think Denzel Washington is a good actress in every movie he makes. The film’s weaknesses was none, I do not think I seen any weaknesses. I was not disturbed by anything; I was impressed with the whole movie. The movie was great; I would recommend others to experience this film. The iconographic that I came upon was when Frank Lucas speaks of being to loud, like the big bright suits they wore. This made me think of the street-pharmacist today, their profile is big cars with a loud color paint job and loud music with flashy clothing. I think foreshadowing was used when Rickie Roberts gets Lucas’s cousin to snitch, then he tells him that Frank Lucas will find out he snitched then he will kill him because he was his cousin. The films political significance was the use of violence, when the whole world became greedy and wanted money and drugs. The social significance was the study of the society in Harlem, went from bad to everybody on drugs and dying, which I would call it social dead zone. The film historical significance was that it was based on a true story. If the film was from another culture, their conventions would be interesting and unusual. The movie did have subtitles; it was necessary and beneficial to read the subtitles. The effect it had was good; I was able to understand what was going on in the movie and not get confused. I think American Gangster can not be a sequel because it was based on a true story of someone’s life. My critical perspective of this movie was that it was very unique, never seen anything like it, I feel that it will reduce the numerous of people who sale drugs, and overall it was an in creditable movie. How to cite American Gangster Film Review by Steven Zaillian, Papers

Significant Role of Change Management -Free-Samples for Students

Question: Outlines the significant and role of Change Management in an Organization. Answer: Introduction The main object of this task is to depict the importance of the change management activities in the organization. It explains the factors that drive the change management process in the firm. Change management plays a vital role in order to accomplish the long-term vision and mission of the firm. Further, it explains the change management models and theories which help to initiate and implement the changes in the organization. The models are used by the organizations on the basis of nature and size of the industry. However, many people resist these changes because they do not want to perform task and duties effectively. Therefore, it affects the financial position and image of the firm. Change management According to Hayes (2014), Change management is the systematic process to deal with change both from the perception of the individual as well as the firm. Furthermore, change management refers to the adoption of a procedure, process, ideas and behavior that is new and unique to an organization. Anderson and Anderson (2010) defined that change management is the continuous process of aligning and supporting an organization with its marketplace for achieving the goals and objectives of the firm. It is the significant part of the organization. The top management and managers should examine and measure the proposed changes and determine the effects of proposed changes within the organization. Cameron and Green (2015) said that change management is the approach of constantly renewing the firm capabilities, direction and framework in order to fulfill the desires, needs and requirements of the customers. It is the simple way to drive the favorable outcomes and results in the organization. Ch ange management process is used by many companies to initiate and implement the changes in the organization. It also helps to improve the performance of the employees and it also reduces costs. The main aim of the change management is to ensure that standardized techniques, methods, tools, and methods that are used to handle the changes in an effective way. It also improves and enhances the routine business activities and procedures of the corporation. Factors that may cause change in an organization The external and internal factors affect the progress and growth of the firm adversely. Therefore, the firm needs to focus on the external and internal factors while implementing the change process within the organization. The factors which drive change management in an organization have been discussed below (Burke, 2017). Technology: It is one of the significant factors which drives change practices and policies in the organization. Innovation in technology can force a trade and business to change the activities and operations of the firm. The employees who have never knowledge about the computers and new technologies thus, the top management and managers need to be trained these employees to manage and operate the new computer system and to adopt the changes in the organization. The firm gets several benefits by initiating and implementing a new technology and force. It also helps to increase efficiency and provides better customer services in the marketplace. It also helps to resist the changes in the organization (Cummings and Worley, 2014). Competition: The entrance of new rivalry into the international market may cause a business to change and modify its marketing and penetration strategies. Many organizations change their strategies and policies due to enormous competitors influence the business activities and operations. Competition is one of the significant factors which affects the success and growth of the firm negatively (Carter, Armenakis, Field Mossholder, 2013). So, in order to stay in the competitive market, and to overcome the competitors, it is essential for the organizations to implement the change process and policies. It helps to beat the competitors in the global market. Desire for growth: The companies want to attain the long-term growth and success by implementing the change process in the firm. Therefore, it is the significant derive to initiate the changes. In this way, the firm uses change management process to accomplish the goals and objectives. Government regulations: The government rules and regulations have a great impact on the trading activities and operations of the firm. These factors exist in the macro environment which affects the business activities of the company. To identify and evaluate these changes, it is necessary for the organization to change their managerial activities as well as operations. Innovation: The companies want to attain the competencies in the target market and to maintain an effective and unique financial position in the market. So it is necessary to implement and initiate the change process in the business. Moreover, the company uses change process to get the better outcomes and results in the external market (Rummler and Brache, 2012). Need to improve the process: A company needs to initiate and implement new production process to become more effective and efficient in the market. Therefore, the firm feels to change the process to develop and enhance the process and policies of the company. Now it is assumed that all these external factors contribute to change in an organization. In addition, political, social, economic, technologies and environmental forces also affect the operations and activities of the company. Change management models There are several models and theories used in the companies which aim to initiate and implement the change management in their business process. The models of change management have been discussed below (Brisson-Banks, 2010). Lewins change management model: The change management model is developed by the psychologist Kurt Lewin. Lewin said that the majority of people operate and prefer security and safety in the organization. The three stages of Lewins Kurt change management model has been discussed below. Unfreeze: Many employees make an active effort to resist the changes in the organization. In order to overcome the resist the changes, unfreezing should be implemented through encouragement and motivation. The leaders and managers of the company should help the employees to adopt the innovation in the organization. Transition: Once the change is implemented. The organization shifts into a evolution and transition period to initiate changes within the organization. To make this process successful and powerful, adequate and effective leadership and reassurance is essential. Refreeze: The firm becomes constant and stable after implementing the change process effectively and successfully. This model is easy to use and effective to balance the change in the firm (Shirey, 2013). (Source: Mulholland, 2017) Katters 8 step change model: This model is created by Harvard University Professor John Kotters to initiate the change process in the organization. The 8 steps are associated with this model that has been discussed below. Increase and enhance the urgency of modification and change. Build and develop a team to implement the change in the organization. Generate a vision and mission to implement the change. Communicate and collaborate to maintain the balance for a change. Empower and encourage employees with the capability to change. Create long-term goals and objectives Stay persistent Implement the change permanent. It is a very significant model to develop and build the change process in the firm. This model is focused and monitored on the change management process. Transition becomes easier by implementing this model within the organization. This model is important to optimize and adopt this process in an organization. Thurley model of change: This model was defined and developed by K. Thurley under which five major approaches are used by the companies to implement the changes that have been discussed below. Directive: This approach is used in crisis and complex situations or when other methods have failed. This is done by exercising of administration and managerial power in the firm. Bargained: Under this approach, the power of management is shared and exchanged between employer and employee in the firm. Along with this, some negotiation is mandatory to initiate the change process in the organization. Hearts and minds: In this step, people collect positive and effective reply from the workers of the organization. The main aim of this approach is to attain the desired goals and objectives. Analytical: The organization focuses on the needs and plans to implement the change process. Firstly, the firm needs to create a blueprint of the desired plans and objectives and analyze the results and outcomes of the firm. Action based: The leaders and managers need to implement and initiate the actions of change management in the firm through a theoretical and analytical model of change management (Ouma, 2017). Suitability of models: Now it is talking about the suitability of several model and theories in the firm. The model and theories are dependent on the change which the company wants to initiate and build in an organization. If the changes need to do in the entire structure of the firm then Thurley model is used by the firm to implement the changes. On the other hand, if the company wants to make the changes in particular department and division in an organization then Lewins model is used by the firm. Now it is assumed that model suitability depends on the types and nature of the work and organization (De Wit and Meyer, 2010). Resistance to change: Resistance to change is the major cause of the firm which affects the success and growth of the organization. It is the action and step taken by groups and person when they perceive and identify that a change which is happening as a threat to them. There are two types of resistance to change include individual and systematic change. Many employees resist the changes because they do not like changes in the firm and they do not adopt these changes (Palmer, Dunford and Akin, 2009). The employees must provide training and development coaching to the workers in order to implement the change process within the firm. They must maintain a reciprocal and mutual relationship with employees to initiate the change practices and policies in an organization (Shimoni, 2017). Significance of change management On the above aforesaid statement, it is understood and measured that change management is a significant process which will be implemented by the workers in the firm (Fullan, 2014). The significance of change management has been discussed below. Innovation: It is one of the significant aspects of the organization to balance the changes in the firm. The change management process helps to increase and enhance the innovation. It also helps to eliminate and reduce the traditional methods and rules in the organization. New and innovative technologies and methods are used by the company to initiate the changes. Increase profit and reduce cost: Change management process helps to increase the profit and revenue by reducing the cost of the firm. Furthermore, it also helps to beat the competitors in the global market. It also reduces the external factors which affect the success and growth of the organization. Decreases in resistance: Resistance is an attribute related to the change management which decreases the growth and success of the organization in the international market. Change management process helps to reduce and eliminate the resistance in the organization. Moreover, it increases the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization (Langley, Smallman, Tsoukas and Van de Ven, 2013). Conclusion On the above-mentioned study, it shall be evaluated and concluded that all the organizations need to implement and initiate the change management process in todays competitive market. This process also helps to maintain a strong image in the competitive market. Various change management models and theories are used by the companies to initiate and implement the changes in the firm. Furthermore, the paper explains the importance of the change management models. Now it is recommended that the firm should focus on the plans and policies to initiate the changes in the organization. Further, a valid mission and vision must be implemented by the firm to stand out against the competitors in the international market. An effective and dynamic communication plan must be maintained by the company to balance the changes in the firm. Along with this, the firm must motivate and enhance the employees to accept the changes within the organization. It also helps to attain the long-term goals, targets and objectives of the firm References Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010.Beyond change management: How to achieve breakthrough results through conscious change leadership. John Wiley Sons. Baregheh, A., Rowley, J. and Sambrook, S., 2009. Towards a multidisciplinary definition of innovation.Management decision,47(8), pp.1323-1339. Brisson-Banks, C.V., 2010. Managing change and transitions: a comparison of different models and their commonalities.Library Management,31(4/5), pp.241-252. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. Mossholder, K.W., 2013.Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), pp.942-958. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014.Organization development and change. Cengage learning. De Wit, B. and Meyer, R., 2010.Strategy: Process, content, context. Cengage Learning EMEA. Fullan, M., 2014.Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. and Van de Ven, A.H., 2013. Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.1-13. Ouma, C.A., 2017. Planning for Organizational Change and the Role of Leadership in Implementing Change. Palmer, I., Dunford, R. and Akin, G., 2009.Managing organizational change: A multiple perspectives approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Rummler, G.A. and Brache, A.P., 2012.Improving performance: How to manage the white space on the organization chart. John Wiley Sons. Shimoni, B., 2017. What is Resistance to Change? a habitus oriented approach. The Academy of Management Perspectives, pp.amp-2016. Shirey, M.R., 2013.Lewins theory of planned change as a strategic resource.Journal of Nursing Administration, 43(2), pp.69-72.

Somalia And US Essays - Military Operations Other Than War, Peace

Somalia And US The desire for an organization that would help the international community"avoid future conflicts" and the recognized need for a global body that would "promote international economic and social cooperation" led the powerful states emerging from the rubble of WWII to develop the United Nations. The newly formed United Nations "represented an expression of hope for the possibilities of a new global security arrangement and for fostering the social and economic conditions necessary for peace to prevail" (Mingst and Karns 2). The need for mutual cooperation amongst the states following the second of the global wars was vital to the reconstruction of war-torn Europe, and for the development of a new world order. This attempt at cooperation was not the first of its kind. According to Mingst and Karns, "The UN's Charter built on lessons learned from the failed League of Nations created at the end of World War I and earlier experiments with international unions, conference diplomacy, and dispute settlements mechanisms" (2). Despite this "experience" in mutual cooperation, the founding states still faced many problems in the security arena due to the advent of the Cold War. In order to effectively deal with security issues facing the UN, the Security Council turned to "peace- Mulligan 2 keeping" as an alternative to armed aggression. According to the United Nations Department of Public Information, "Peacekeeping was pioneered and developed by the United Nations as one of the means for maintaining international peace and security" (1998), and the UN deals with particular problems through "the prevention, containment, and moderation of hostilities between or within states through the use of multinational forces of soldiers, police, and civilians" (Mingst and Karns 3). This was a very different approach to quelling conflicts that had never before been practiced. Peacekeeping was "a creative response to the breakdown of great-power unity and the spread of East-West tensions to regional conflicts" (Mingst and Karns 3). Before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate, John R. Bolton, Senior Vice President of the American Enterprise Institute, stated further reasoning for the evolution of peacekeeping. He notes: ?Traditional' U.N. peacekeeping evolved when it became clear that the broad intentions of the Framers of the U.N. Charter were rendered largely meaningless by the onset of the Cold War. U.N. involvement in international crises, far from being the central dispute-resolution mechanism envisioned by the Framers in Chapters VI and VII, became episodic and incidental to the main global confrontation between East and West. Since "Cold War tensions have subsided, peace has been threatened by resurgent ethnic and nationalist conflicts in Mulligan 3 many regions. As a result, U.N. peacekeeping operations have grown rapidly in number and complexity in recent years. While 13 operations were established in the first forty years of U.N. peacekeeping, 28 new operations have been launched since 1988" (UNDPI 1998). The following map shows the many regions of the world in which the United Nations has become involved in a peacekeeping mission: Mulligan 4 Due in part because of the extraordinarily limited dimensions within which U.N. peacekeeping was feasible, a clear set of principles evolved to describe the elements necessary for successful U.N. operations. These rules would become the standard from which future U.N. peace-keeping missions would be drawn. The first criterion for a U.N. peacekeeping mission was consent. According to Bolton, "All of the relevant parties to a dispute had to agree to the participation of U.N. peacekeepers in monitoring, observing or policing a truce, cease fire, or disengagement of combatants" (2000). This agreement must not only grant the U.N. the right to intervene in the state's internal affairs, but also detail the "scope of its mission and the operational requirements for carrying out that mission" (Bolton 2000). A nation-state, at any time, could withdraw its consent at which point the U.N. forces would withdraw. One example of revoking consent occurred in "May, 1967, when Egypt insisted on the withdrawal of the U.N. Expeditionary Force (established after the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956) from its territory along the border with Israel" (Bolton 2000). U.N. forces were forced to leave, and as a result, the Six Day War followed. Mulligan 5 A second requirement was the notion that the U.N. forces would not take sides in the conflict. Bolton states that ...U.N. peacekeepers were [to be] neutral [amongst] the parties to the conflict, not favoring one or another of them. It was understood to be elemental that the United Nations could not ?take sides' in a conflict without itself becoming involved in the very situation it was trying to

Share The Wealth †Economics Essay

Share The Wealth – Economics Essay Free Online Research Papers There is an old Nigerian quote that says, â€Å"If you won’t share your wealth with us, then we will share our poverty with you.† The fact of the matter is this, the United States and other rich countries need to lend a helping hand to the world’s hungry. According to statistics, 50% of the world’s hungry live in India, this is about 35% of India’s population. In addition, 38.2 million Americans suffer hunger and food insecurity. Instead of these people preoccupying themselves with getting a quality education and a decent paying job, they must worry more about where they will get their next meal. People need to recognize that they can do their part in helping to fight hunger and food insecurity. It does not take a whole lot to go to the grocery store and pick up canned foods, noodles, or even snacks that come in a box. There are many organizations that can help ship those foods to places like India and Africa. This has to start one person at a time. U.S. corporations seem to be looking after the self-interests of their CEO’s, rather than the people whom they are supposedly serving. Corporations need to take responsibility and be held accountable for what they do that kills or harms people. Many companies today are more worried about how much profit they can make, rather than how they can make a difference in the world that has been so good. These companies need to realize that power does not bring peace in the world. The main question that every individual should ask his or herself is whether they want another world than the one envisioned by the World Bank, Wal-Mart, W.T.O., Disney, and Monsanto, or do they want strong countries with a strong democracy? The time has come for people to step up and declare human rights. This is a challenge that people cannot back away from, it is about governance and self-determination. Most important, this is about being fearless for what they believe in. We as a nation cannot be afraid to step up to the challenge, or sink on the day of adversity. After all, â€Å"Fear is the cheapest room in the house,† as quoted by Hafiz. Research Papers on Share The Wealth - Economics EssayPETSTEL analysis of IndiaBringing Democracy to AfricaHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductGenetic EngineeringNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Personal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Urban Planning and decision-making in Dubai Essay

Urban Planning and decision-making in Dubai - Essay Example n of this paper that the biggest concerns Dubai seems to have at this point are: 1) sustainability 2) cultural considerations 3) labor relations and 4) traffic. Sustainability is an issue that can best be judged from a future point. The cultural considerations are also elements that are being worked out in many ways. So labor and transport issues become the central themes of this paper. The biggest complaint to date is traffic problems. The planning of roads seems to have lost its way. This, in contrast to the other planning elements, seems a small problem but it is becoming more and more of an issue as Dubai becomes popular and established as an international city. What role does the public play in the decision-making process during the development of Dubai? To what extent did the government maintain a monopoly over these decisions? How active of a role did the private sector play in the urbanization of the city? How has globalization affected the decision-making process? A review of Leonie Sandercock’s â€Å"Toward Cosmopolis† shows that Sandercock writes about the cultural pluralism of planning theory in a way that is highly idealistic (Blanco 1998). She is said to discuss her social project in a political and economic vacuum, failing to address the underlying causes of the social problems. Cosmopolis is, for Sandercock, â€Å"a common civic culture which has embraced the social project of tolerance, alterity, and inclusion† (Blanco 1998). Sandercock states that there are three forces that create the major cultural politics of difference: migration and multiculturalism, postcolonialism, and the age of women and minorities. She believes that the history of planning has supported segregation and discrimination. These are major forces at work in Dubai’s planning. A perceived threat of marginalization (Aarts 1999) by less developed countries has often led to their full interaction with the world economy, before they may be ready. Aart feels that

Evaluating Impact of Corporate Culture and Pressure to Meet the Case Study

Evaluating Impact of Corporate Culture and Pressure to Meet the Numbers in Accounting Reporting Environment - Case Study Example This was a move to counter-to-counter competition from J&J. Another approach was also the routine of frequently rolling over unpaid bills to ensure that customers did not return surplus goods in addition to offering numerous promotions for clients who purchased or ordered large lenses packages. The managers also shipped unordered lenses and glasses to clients such as doctors. Some managers, such as Johnson in U.S, forced their local distributors to take extremely large stocks of older Optima lenses by deceiving them that they would not be required to pay for the unsold lenses. The excess glasses ended up being stuffed in the warehouses. The actions taken by B&L managers were both unethical and illegal. The overall impact was eventual dropping of profits since the sales were phony and resulted in deceitful profits. The B&L shares dropped to 30 shillings in 1994. Another likely long-term effect was the loss of trust on the companies by customers hence decline in the shareholder value (Maremont and Bamathan Web). The corporate pressurized B&L managers to achieve illogical target since the culture lacked ways to monitor and alter its objectives Environmental variations can make existing policies and objectives inappropriate thus top management should ensure the plans are adjusted constantly to fit the fluctuating environment. B&L top management did not alter the targets even when the constraints in the external environment demanded so thus the managers invented inappropriate ways to meet the incongruous targets. B&L corporate culture and pressure to meet the numbers in accounting reporting environment numbers drove B&Ls manager some reasonable degree to engage in the malpractices (Maremont and Bamathan Web). The managers came up with strategies to maintain phenomenal records which enabled them to get bonuses and compensation. They

How Could E-learning Help People to Understand More About Malaria Essay

How Could E-learning Help People to Understand More About Malaria - Essay Example This essay stresses that e-learning also gives the instructor a lot of options in the way through which information is compiled and presented. This allows the entity providing the service to reach out to a more diverse customer base. This could also include various local processes and participants who might benefit from enhanced options and processes of updating their knowledge about a given phenomenon. Malaria has three main pointers of spread and this includes: breeding, contact and injection by the primary vector, mosquitoes. The main difficulty in malaria control lies in the fact that the mosquitoes and parasites’ ability to evolve and circumvent tools and systems used to control them. The main intervention systems include the control of breeding by maintaining more hygienic environments and proper systems and processes of preventing malaria bearing mosquitoes from breeding their young. This paper makes a conclusion that the website has to be functional and it has to meet the needs of all stakeholders, including the users and other third party stakeholders. It will also need to meet all the desires of donors and get their submissions brought into the fore. Therefore, there is the need for all primary stakeholders to be involved. This means that a detailed interview with all stakeholders including the government authorities, NGOs, volunteering organisations, community members and community leaders are also important. E-Commerce will be a crucial aspect and process.

Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Chocolates Consumption Marketing Essay

Consumer Buying Behavior Towards Chocolates Consumption Marketing Essay Through this descriptive study we have tried to analyze the various attribute that different buyer seeks while making purchase of chocolates of different size and quantity for different purposes altogether with significant differences in favorite brand; flavor; price and place of buying etc. Also, we have tried to examine the various degree of relationship that exist between the different attributes of the product that consumer favors and the brand loyalty that consumer have toward his liked brand. Also main emphasis is laid to find out what results in brand loyalty and is this relationship is significant with changing marketplace. Keywords: Chocolate, Consumer behavior, Consumption INTRODUCTION: If people thought that chocolates were just restricted to kids think again. According to a recent study conducted by a major chocolate brand in India the major consumers of chocolates apart from kids are teenagers and people between the ages of 15 35. Chocolates which were considered expensive once have now become affordable by one and all. Most of the chocolate brands in India produce chocolates in different sizes that are priced according to their sizes. Chocolates like Diary Milk and Five Star can be got for just  `  10. Chocolates in India are slowly and steadily substituting the mithai or traditional Indian sweets. Due to the increasing levels of social consciousness people prefer gifting well wrapped chocolate packets rather than sweets on occasions and festivals. Taking advantage of this situation the top chocolate brands in India are now concentrating on the packaging and are introducing well packaged chocolates for specific occasions.   OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to make generalization of consumers buying behavior towards the purchase of chocolates and than to measure the extent of brand loyalty, altogether with knowing what other marketing mix variable affect buyers decision regarding the purchase of chocolates. This study is a step toward generalizing the consumer purchase pertaining to following major set objectives: To know the customer behavior and to identify the level of customer satisfaction towards different brands of chocolates. To know the significant promotion mix that plays role in particular market. To test the brand loyalty among different gender of different age. CONSUMPTION OF CHOCOLATES IN INDIA Chocolate consumption is gaining popularity in India due to increasing prosperity coupled with a shift in food habits, pushing up the countrys cocoa imports. Chocolate market in India is pegged at Rs 2,000 crore and is growing at the rate of 18 20 per cent per annum. The global chocolate market is estimated around $80 billion. The Indian chocolate market is seen growing at a compounded annual growth rate of 15-20%. The Indian chocolate market is thought to be worth some R1,500 crore and has been hailed as offering great potential for Western chocolate manufacturers as the market is still in its early stages. Over 70% of chocolate consumption takes place in the urban areas. Chocolate consumption in the rural areas is negligible in India. Chocolate market is a highly concentrated market, with Cadbury having 70 per cent and Nestle around 20 per cent. The two giants have been instrumental in building up the chocolate market in India with huge investments in product development, advertis ing and brand building. Modern trade constitutes about 10% of the overall chocolate category, or roughly Rs 320 crore, according to Nielsen. Of this, brand Cadbury Dairy Milk has a share of 35%, while Bournville and Silk together account for 18%. Facts Figures: Indian Chocolate Industry as today is dominated by two companies, both multinationals. The market leader is Cadbury with a lions share of 70%. The companys brands like Five Star, Gems, Éclairs, Perk, Dairy Milk are leaders in their segments. Until early 90s, Cadbury had a market share of over 80 %, but its party was spoiled when Nestle appeared on the scene. The other one has introduced its international brands in the country (Kit Kat, Lions), and now commands approximately 15% market share.  Bars or molded chocolates like Dairy Milk, Amul, Nestle Premium, and Truffle account for 35 40 per cent of the total market (in terms of volume). The Count chocolates such as Five Star, Kitkat, Perk etc. is the next largest segment, accounting for 30 per cent of the total market. Panned chocolates enjoy 10 per cent of the total market share. In India, chocolates are consumed as excitement / enjoyment and not as snack. Therefore, more than 75 per cent of chocolate purchases are impulse. Ch ocolate consumption in India has nearly trebled since 2005, which is the reason why leading chocolate companies are investing in bringing premium brands such as Toblerone. Seasonal and boxed assorted chocolates have been experiencing the fastest growth, and sales are expected to expand 13% between 2010 and 2015. Cadbury India, which has been on an overdrive to promote its premium brands such as Cadbury Dairy Milk Silk and Bournville, is now rolling out Toblerone from parent Kraft Foods stable. The per capita consumption of chocolates in India, according to Chandramouli Venkatesan, director (snacking strategy), Cadbury India, has increased from 40gm per person per year in 2005 to 110-120gm. However, the launch of Toblerone is in line with Cadbury Indias business objective of growing the premium-gifting chocolate market. Gifting is a Rs 15,000-crore category in India, of which branded chocolate gifting is about 6%. Cadbury Indias share in branded chocolate gifting is 80%. Despite the fact that Indians have strong affinity for sweets, the size of domestic confectionery market is small on account of traditional consumer tastes and habits. The Chocolate market in India is a niche market penetrated largely in urban areas and per capita consumption is low as compared to those in developed countries of the West. Cadbury Indias main source of revenue is its 70% bite of the 23,000 tonnes Indian chocolate market. Advertisement Trends (AdEx division of TAM Media Research) Regional GEC took the second place with a 21 per cent share ad volumes of chocolates, followed by Hindi movie with 13 per cent share during January-November 2007. Cadbury India Ltd was way ahead of its peers with 66 per cent share followed by Nestle India Ltd and Parle Products Private Ltd during January-November 2007. As expected chocolate advertising skewed towards kids channels and regional GEC took the second position. Cadbury India Ltd rules chocolate advertising on television. Chocolate advertising rose by 30 per cent during January-November 2007 compared to January-November 2006. Maximum chocolate advertising was during Raksha Bandhan across 2005 and 2006 and January-November 2007. 17 per cent more advertising during third quarter 2007 (Raksha Bandhan festival) compared to first quarter 2007. LITERATURE REVIEW After having detailed study of Principles of marketing management book by Kotler and Keller, we came to know about consumer purchasing behavior and other various attributes of marketing mix like place and product strategy in alignment with promotion and pricing strategies and concept of brand loyalty with all the major attributes of a good brand. Beside this detailed study of various research papers and articles has also been made to know the practical applicability of the concept. Consumer leant about chocolate from many sources, mainly from friends and families, through advertisement and from their own experience. Whether a promotion and advertising hurt or help a brand is under-researched (Mela, Gupta Lehman, 1997). In the long-run, advertisement help brands by making consumer less price sensitive and more loyal. The purchase decision pertaining to particular brand and loyalty is a result of various attributes of the product. Advertisers must remember that advertising messages are interpreted differently between different genders (Maldonando, Tansuhaj Muehling, 2003; Hogg Garrow, 2003; Putrevu, 2001). Previous studies have proven that females were more likely to engage in elaboration than men (Maldonado Muehling, 2003). Hogg and Garrow (2003) found that women paid more intention about the details of the characters of an ad when asked to analyze advertising messages. They said that this may be explained by the fact that females have a greater tendency than men to consider external information and information related to others. Women are comprehensive processors who try to gather all available information about the product Advertisement can change consumers perception of a product in terms of attributes content and proportion and also influence consumers taste for attributes (Gwin Gwin, 2003). Brand preference and product attribute: Attributes are the characteristic or features that an object may or may not have and includes both intrinsic and extrinsic (Mowen Minor, 1998). Understanding why a consumer choose a product based upon its attributes helps marketers to understand why some consumers have preferences for certain brands (Gwin Gwin, 2003). Both tangible and intangible attributes of a product are equally important in choosing a product or brand (Myers, 2003). There is no evidence that certain attributes are more related to customer loyalty than others (Romariuk Sharp, 2003). Romariuk and Sharp (2003) suggested that marketers should focus more on how many attributes the brand should be associated with and not what attributes. For low-involvement products, consumers have more objective view of the nature of the attributes (e.g. food, cosmetics) because they are constantly being advertised and promoted. Price is another form of attribute used by consumers to evaluate a product. Price can sometimes be an indicator of quality; with a higher price indicating higher quality (Mowen Minor, 1998; Siu Wong, 2002). Consumers perceive that a higher price can be attributed to the higher cost of quality control (Siu Wong, 2002). Some consumers are highly price sensitive (elastic demand), whereby a high prices may shift consumers to competitive brands (Mowen Minor, 1998). Therefore price can have a positive or negative influence on customers. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY In this study the problem pertains to both State of nature and relationship among the variable i.e.; what is general behavior of consumer and than inferenceing the relationship that exist among the different variables to test the extent of brand loyalty and influence of one variable over the other from the data. As the study is related to the study of consumer behavior toward chocolates thats why the appropriate research design used is Fundamental descriptive with the use of both qualitative and quantitative design with static research approach. Formalized research design is also taken into consideration in order to test the Hypothesis framed. In this cross sectional co-relational field study data related to various independent variables dependent variables was collected from the stratified sample of 100 individuals, including males and females of different age groups constituting the sample. All the respondents were approached on the basis of simple random sampling in convenient ma rket place to ensure the accuracy precision of results. Personally administrated questionnaires were used for conducting the survey. INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS: In our study 48% (41) of respondent are males while 52% (45) of respondent were females. In this 57% (49) respondent are student, 16% (14) were professional, 13% (11) were businessman while 14% (12) respondent were females. 33% respondent includes people of age group 10-18, while other includes those of age 19-59. Q.1 who do purchase how frequently and how much they purchase Out of 86 respondents 13 (15%) respondents buy chocolates daily while 35 (41%) of them buy it weekly compared to 16 (19%) who buy them monthly against 22 (25%) respondents who buys it occasionally. In this 12% of males buy daily while 14% of female buy it daily. While 42% of males buy chocolates in a week against 33% of females, whereas 31% of females like to buy chocolate in a month compared to 22% of males. The result of collected sample reveals that 62% (53) respondent buys less than 5 chocolates a week, while 28% (24) people buys 5-10 chocolates a week. Only 3% of respondent said that they buy more than 15 chocolates an week against 7% who buys 10-15 chocolates a week. The analysis of sample data results that females buy more chocolates than males in a week as 38% of them buy 6-10 chocolates while only 17% of males do so. 73% of males generally buy chocolate in between 1-5 packs a week compared to 51% of female respondent. It is analyzed that 21% (18) of respondent purchases chocolate costing between 5-10 Rs while 47% (40) buys chocolate that cost 10-20 Rs. Chocolates costing 20-50 Rs is preferred only by 24% (21) of respondent and only 7 (8%) out of 86 respondent buys chocolates costing more than Rs 50. Price of chocolate significantly affect different gender differently as 22% female purchase chocolates costing 5-10 Rs against 19% males, while 49% of females prefers to buy those costing in between 10-20 Rs as against 44% of males. 32% Males buy chocolates those costing in between 20-50 Rs compared to 18% of female buying the same. Q.2 For whom it is purchased In collected sample 41% (35) respondent buys chocolates for self consumption against 29% (25) who never buys for them-self. Among them 44% (38) respondent purchases for children against 15% (13) who never buys for childrens. 28% (24) of respondent buys chocolates only for the gifting. The percentage of those who buys always and never for special occasion is approximately 27% and 24% respectively. Analysis shows that 42% of females always buy choclates for self consumption where only 39% of males do same for self consumption. When it comes for buying choclates for children than insignificant of gender both have same buying behaviour. Males seems to gift chocolate more than female as 20% of them buy it for gifting compared to 12% of females. Q.3 what motivate to buy chocolate In a study of 86 respondent it was found that 17% (15)of the respondent were very tempted by the display ads while 34% (29) respondent are moderately affected by the display ads while it has no affect on purchase decision of 13% (11) of respondent. In the undertaken study visual ads highly affect 41% (35) respondent while only 9% (8) of respondent are not affected by it. 24% (21) of respondent perceives affect of family and friends on their purchase decision while it has no affect on 5% (4) of respondent. This shows that family and friends has very high affect on purchase decision of chocolates buyers. Very insignificant numbers of respondent only 2% are affected by sales-man persuasion while it has no affect on 49% (42) of respondent. Also celebrity endorsement has only a moderate influence on purchase decision of respondents. Only 9% respondent are affected by celebrity endorsement compared to no affect on 16% respondents. 42% females are affected by visual advertisment against 39% of males while the display ads affect male more compared to females with 24% and 11% of significant impact on purchase decision respectively. Also family and friend affect females(27%) more against males (22%). Q.4 Important Attribute of the chocolate It can be inferred from study that taste is very important for buying chocolate 95%males 93% females buy chocolates because of taste. 54% males 49% females are showing neutral response to availability, while 27% males 36% females say that availability is most important for buying chocolate. 19% males 15% females have least impact of availability. Price is most important consideration for 29% males 33% females. It affects 42% males 29% females moderately. For 29% males 38% female price is least important. Packaging seems to impact purchase decision of 49% males 58% females moderately during purchase of chocolates. For 22% males 27% females packaging is most important consideration for buying chocolate. 29% males 15 % females have least impact of packaging. Q.5 Advertisement seems to have moderate impact on purchase decision irrespective of gender; however 29% males 22% females are mostly affected by advertisement. 17% males 24% females are not affected by advertisement. Q.6 Forms of chocolate impact 54% males 44% females moderately while 24% males 27% females are mostly affected by form of chocolate. 22% males 29% females are least impacted by form. 80% chocolate buyer seems to buy particular brand against 7% who do not care for the brand name Q.7 how advertisements persuade consumers to purchase Sample in hands results that 20% of people like to buy due to emotion in their advertisement while 43% of respondent love fun in advertisement while only 27% of people like knowledge in the promotion mix against 10% of people who likes music/jingle. So it can be concluded that people watch and are persuaded due to fun content in the advertising of the chocolate more than any other factor. While analysing data on the basis of gender it can inferred that males (81%) like fun and emotional content in advertisement than females(47%), while female (33%) prefer knowledge content more than males (19%). While 20% of female loves music and jingles in comparison no male like it. Q.8 which brand mostly prefered by consumers In the undertaken study it was found that Cadbury is the most favoured brand with 70% of share as against 21% of Nestle, 4% 5% respectively for Amul and miscellaneous ones. It can be inferred from the collected data that females (71%) like Cadbury more than males (68%), while males prefer nestle (24%) more than that of females (18%). While demand for Amul chocolates is found to be very insignificant and equal in both the gender. Q.9 effect of increament in rates The sample analysis say that 82% respondent are highly brand loyal as 18% of them will buy the costly pack of same and 64% of them will not show any change in demand pattern. Only 5% of respondent are in favour of shifting brand against 13% who will reduce the purchase quantity if the rate increases by 2-5 Rs. The deep gender-wise analyses of result show that both genders are equally brand loyal towards price sensitivity. Results show that around 64% (in both gender) will have no change in their purchase decision while 19% of them show positive relation toward buying as they will buy more thinking quality has improved. Also its seems that Law of demand (increase case) operate on males more than females as 15% 11% of them will reduce buying chocolate with increase in prices. Q.10 from where consumers mostly buy The sample study results show that 35% (30) respondent buys from local shop against 49% (42), 7% (6) and 9% (8) respondent who buys from store, cafeteria and malls respectively. In this study, males (42%) prefer to buy more from local shop than compared to females (29%) while female (55%) prefer to buy more from stores against males (41%). While the ratio of buying from malls and cafeteria reveals there is no significant impact of it on gender as both have almost equal choices in this regard. Q.11 what consumers do if preferred bran not available The analysis of sample data says that 9% of total respondent will buy costly pack of same brand while 56% of them will move to next shop. This shows that 65% of respondent are highly brand loyal against those 30% who will buy another brand or other (6%) will postpone their purchase decision. The analysis of sample data gives result that females are highly brand loyal than males as 71% of them will buy the costly pack of same brand or move to another shop compared to 59% of males if that particular is not available. While36 % males 24% female say that they will shift to another brand while 6% of both genders will postpone their purchase decision. Q.12 how much customer are loyal to specific brand To check brand loyalty and competitive affect we has analyzed that 15% of respondent will not buy any other brand while 53% of them may consider the same against 35% who are not sure of taking decision. Our study 41 male 45 female respondents were there if another brand of the same product appears in the market then 7% males 22% females will not buy the new brand. 64% males 44% females may be considering the new brand. 5% males 18% females shall not consider new brand. 24% males 16% females cant say they will buy new brand or not. CONCLUSION: In study of 86 respondents it was found that 95% (82) respondents like Cadbury Brand, 68% (59) respondents like Nestle Brand, 24% (21) of respondents like Amul Brand 1% respondents like Other Brand. So it can be concluded that Cadbury is most famous brand among others. 50% Cadbury buyers like to buy Dairy milk out of 82 respondents 15% Cadbury buyers like to buy 5 Star out of 82 respondents. 10% Cadbury buyers like to buy Perk out of 82 respondents. So, the findings from study that most preferred chocolate are Dairy Milk out of Cadbury buyers. 36% of Nestle buyers like to buy Kit -Kat out of 59 respondents. 24% of Nestle buyers like to buy Éclairs out of 59 respondents. 20% of Nestle buyers like to buy Munch out of 59 respondents. 52% of Amul buyers like to buy Chocà ³ Mines out of 27 respondents. 48% of Amul buyers like to buy Chocà ³ Zoo out of 27 respondents. To be concluded that Kit -Kat and Chocà ³ Mines is most preferred chocolate in Nestle and Amul respectively. Also, it was found that 59% (51) of respondents like chocolate flavor, 23% (20) likes coffee flavor 20% (17) respondents like nuts flavor. So it can be concluded that chocolate is the most profitable flavor coffee second most profitable. APPENDIX 1. Ho = their exist no relationship between the gender who buy chocolate for self consumption, children, gift. Ha= Gender have significant impact on the purpose of buying chocolates. Gender Child Chi-Square(a,b) .186 13.000 Df 1 2 Asymp. Sig. .666 .002 Gender Gift Chi-Square(a,b) .186 34.907 Df 1 2 Asymp. Sig. .666 .000 Gender Self Chi-Square(a,b) .186 2.116 df 1 2 Asymp. Sig. .666 .347 After applying Chi square test on the data it is found calculated value of test is less than the tabulated one. It means that Ho is accepted thats prove that their is very insignificant difference in perception of both the gender and thus both gender buy chocolates for self consumption, gifting and children in a equitable amount. APPENDIX 2. Ho = their is no relationship in gender and frequency of buying chocolates Ha= Gender affect frequency of buying chocolates. Gender How Often Chi-Square(a,b) .186 13.256 Df 1 3 Asymp. Sig. .666 .004 our Ho is selected and Ha is discarded. Thus use of chi square test proves here that both the gender have similar frequency in buying chocolates. APPENDIX 3. Ho= Cost do not affect the purchase decision of diferent age group Ha = different age group have different perception towards cost Age Cost Chi-Square(a,b) 45.209 26.279 Df 30 3 Asymp. Sig. .037 .000 Here in this study it is found that the age and cost have significant relationship among them. It means different age group have different reaction towards different price levels. Thus our Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. APPENDIX 4. Ho=Visual ads do not have different on different gender Ha=Visual ads affect different gender Gender Visual Ad Chi-Square(a,b) .186 32.256 Df 1 4 Asymp. Sig. .666 .000 Here Chi Square test show that tabulated value of Chi square is greater than calculated thats why our Ho is accepted, which means that there is no relationship betwen gender and visual ads. APPENDIX 5. Ho= The cost of chocolate do not affect the brand purchase Ha=The price of chocolate affect the brand purchased Cost Brand Chi-Square(a,b) 26.279 85.558 Df 3 2 Asymp. Sig. .000 .000 Here Chi Square test show that tabulated value of Chi square is greater than calculated thats why our Ho is accepted, which means that there is no relationship between cost and brand purchased.

The Rise of Brands Essay -- Marketing Branding

â€Å"I also like Gmail, Giordano Natru – Dry shirts (my daily â€Å"uniform†), Hewlett –Packard laptops, Nokia E-series phones and Toyota. And am I the only person who uses Google Chrome almost exclusively. If I use products other than these, it’s not necessarily the end of the world. But the happiness factor might not be that great †¦through time, one develops a sense of affinity to one name, product or service. And subconsciously you keep choosing the same brand or product over and over not really because of its name, but because of the affinity.† (â€Å"Are you Brand Conscious?† – J. Angelo Racoma.2009) Today, brands are a huge asset to the organisations, whereas, for a consumer they are a mania. Brand conscious consumers are a gold mine for organisations, but brands were not always a necessity in the world; there was a point in time when there were unbranded products, just one or two brands and then with the explosion of branding, it became a vogue. Branding has gone through enormous change since the time it originated till today. This essay seeks to explore the rise of branding over the years and the metamorphosis of branding. It starts with the origin of branding and then explores various periods in history and how branding has changed according to the change in circumstances. The evolution of a brand is then described in accordance to how a brand adopts various characteristics over a period of time. Ensuing the evolution, branding in today’s age is explored. Elements such as â€Å"intellectual property,† â€Å"non profit branding† and â€Å"online branding,† that are affected by branding, are examined. Finally, the future of brands and the responsibility of brands are discussed. HISTORY: The Beginning: The history of branding can be tr... ... Pine, J and Gilmore, J. (1999) The Experience Economy, Boston, MA. : Harvard Business School Press. Racoma, J. Are You Brand Conscious? racoma.net. Weblog [Online] 16/07/2009. Available at: http://racoma.net/commentary/are-you-brand-conscious/. (Accessed: 10/12/2010). Slater. D and Tonkiss, F (2001) Market Society: Markets and Modern Social Theory. Cambridge: Polity. Swystun, J. (2006) The Brand Glossary, Gordonsville: Palgrave Macmillan. The Economist (2003) Brands and Branding, London: Economist Books. UNICEF, (2010) UNICEF Available at: http://www.unicef.org/corporate_partners/index_42735.html (Accessed: 27/12/2010) Warren, C, Facebook Marketing: IKEA’s Genius Use of Photo Tagging, Mashable, Weblog [Online] 25/11/2009. Available at: http://mashable.com/2009/11/25/facebook-marketing-ikeas-genius-use-of-photo-tagging/ (Accessed: 03/01/2011).